Annatto (Bixa orellana L.) is a native Brazilian plant recognized for containing a natural pigment, found in the seeds, that most food industries worldwide use. The plant was domesticated by the northern Brazilian Amazon population, being the world's largest producer of annatto seeds with an estimated harvest of 15.625 tons. Although it is primarily recognized as the raw material of the natural dye extensively used by the food industries and one of the main condiments in Brazilian cuisine, Urucum has long been used in folk medicine in the treatment of a large number of diseases. These pharmacological activities of different parts of the annatto are widely documented in the scientific literature. The annatto is cited as: analgesic, antacid, anti-inflammatory, antifebrile, antiparasitic (malaria, leishmaniasis), cicatrizant, antibacterial, antiallergic, in combating stomatological infections, in the treatment of heart disease, diabetes, aphrodisiac, antimicrobial, anticoagulant, in the treatment of cancer, antioxidant, among others