Direct Post-traumatic Carotid Cavernous Fistula Treated by Endovascular Intervention
The Carotid-Cavernous Direct Fistula (CCF) is a high-flow injury resulting from the wall laceration of the cavernous segment of the internal carotid artery and its subsequent communication with the cavernous sinus. The vast majority of direct CCF is traumatic but direct posttraumatic CCF represents a rare entity, occurring in only 0.17 to 1.01% of all Traumatic Brain Injury (TBI). Clinical presentation may involve impairment of cranial nerves III, IV, V and VI, causing paralysis on the extrinsic eye movement and diplopia, besides the emergence of headache, retro-orbital pain, chemosis and proptosis and even intracranial hemorrhage.